Shutdown Dissociation Scale (Shut-D)
The Shutdown Dissociation Scale (Shut-D) is a semi-structured interview, it was first published in 2011 to assess dissociative responses caused by reminders of traumatic stress.[1] The Shut-D Scale assesses biological symptoms associated with freeze, fight/flight, fright, and flag/faint responses, and is based on the defense cascade model.[1], [4] A study of people with Schizophrenic Symptom Disorder found that the number of incidents of childhood trauma (but not adult trauma) was related to their Shut-D score. [5]
This questionnaire includes the same questions and scoring method as the Shut-D semi-structured interview, but has not been assessed to determine if it produces the same results without the medical/psychiatric knowledge, explanations and other input that a clinician or researcher would provide. Some medical knowledge may be needed to determine whether symptoms are the result of neurological medical conditions rather than dissociative responses. It should not be used as a diagnostic tool but may be helpful to researchers or people wishing it become more aware of any dissociative responses they experience. The Dissociative Experiences Scale is suitable for people seeking a diagnostic screening tool for dissociative disorders like Dissociative Identity Disorder.
Shut-D Questions
Instructions:
Symptoms known to be caused by an "acute or chronic medical condition or peripheral neuropathy", alcohol or drug use, medication side-effects, or similar effects during adolescence or the beginning of the menopause should be excluded.[1] Download a printable version of this screening tool.
Result Explained
The result does not does not attempt to give a diagnosis, but may be helpful in identifying people with a high vulnerability to dissociative responses to trauma. [1] Clinicians may find it useful. [1] A very high score, for example, does not automatically suggest that a person has Dissociative Identity Disorder and a low score does not invalidate an existing dissociative disorder or dissociative PTSD diagnosis. The maximum score is 39, and average scores are given in the table below. Some of these studies included only a small number of people, for example only 15 people with the Dissociative Identity Disorder were assessed using the Shut-D Scale.
The Shutdown Dissociation Scale measures some symptoms which are found in Dissociative Disorders of Movement and Sensation and Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder). People with these conditions were not been assessed using the scale in the original research. [1]
Average Shut-D Scores in research [1], [5] | |
---|---|
Healthy controls | 2.02 (3.1)*, 0.94 (1.25)* |
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder | 3.5 (4.5) |
Psychotic Spectrum Disorder | 4.3 (4.7) |
Major Depression (MDD) | 4.8 (3.4)*, 5.77 (4.7)* |
BPD and/or MDD | 8.03 (5.8) |
Borderline Personality disorder (BPD) | 14.88 (10.7)* |
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder | 17 (8.6)* |
Dissociative Identity Disorder | 19.2 (9.4)* |
*study included females only |
References
- Schalinski, I., Schauer, M., & Elbert, T. (2015).The Shutdown Dissociation Scale (Shut-D). European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 6(0). doi:10.3402/ejpt.v6.25652. PMID: 25976478 PMCID: PMC4431999.
- World Health Organization. (2014) International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Retrieved November 16, 2014, from http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/revision/en/
- American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. (5th ed.). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association. ISBN 0890425558.
- Schauer, M., & Elbert, T. (2010). Dissociation following traumatic stress: Etiology and treatment. Journal of Psychology, 218, 109–127. DOI: 10.1027/0044-3409/a000018.
- Schalinski, I., & amp; Teicher, M. H. (2015). Type and Timing of Childhood Maltreatment and Severity of Shutdown Dissociation in Patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder. PLoS ONE 10(5): e0127151. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0127151.
Cite this page
Shutdown Dissociation Scale Traumadissociation.com. Retrieved from .The copyright for the questions, answers and scoring method belong to the original authors of the research, who have published it under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, see references.[1] The remaining information can be copied or modified for any purpose, including commercially, provided a link back is included. License: CC BY-SA 4.0